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 CPPN Physicians
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Until 1968, most patient care and research in
pulmonary medicine by the faculty of the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center
occurred in the Columbia Division at Bellevue Hospital where Drs. André
Cournand and Dickinson Richards developed the Cardiopulmonary Laboratory
during the 1930’s and won the Nobel Prize in 1956, along with Forssmann for
their discoveries concerning cardiac catheterization and pathologic changes
the circulatory system. They developed and explored the physiological basis
for what was later known as the "Swann-Ganz catheter" technique.
Following
the restructuring of the academic affiliations of Bellevue
Hospital in 1968, the activities of
the Columbia pulmonary faculty moved to Washington Heights
and the Columbia-Presbyterian
Medical Center.
The Pulmonary Division was led there initially by Dr. R.M. Harvey and
included many of the former Bellevue
group. Dr. Yale Enson conducted studies of the chemical control of the
pulmonary circulation and of the vasomotor induction of pulmonary
hypertension in airway disease; of methods for characterizing changes in
pulmonary vascular resistance; and of the hemodynamics of interstitial lung
disease. Dr. P.R.B. Caldwell and colleagues purified angiotensin converting
enzyme and demonstrated its vascular endothelial membrane localization. Dr.
D.F. Rochester examined diaphragmatic work, oxygen consumption, and blood
flow and developed the concept of respiratory muscle fatigue. Dr. N. Braun
examined respiratory function in neuromuscular disease. Dr. R. Cole
elucidated the role of myoglobin in oxygen transport to and utilization by
skeletal muscle. Dr. H. Thomas examined vasomotion in shunt pathways produced
by resorption atelectasis, as well as its control.
Dr. Caldwell became director of the Division in
1983, and the techniques and methodologies of cell and molecular biology
achieved a more prominent role in the Division's activities. Dr. Paul Rothman
assumed direction of an ever expanding Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and
Critical Care Medicine in 1997. This appointment marked the beginning of a
major effort to expand the clinical and basic research programs of the
Division. Dr. Rothman's research centered on cytokine signaling and the role
of cytokines in lymphocyte development. He opened the Laboratory of Allergy
and Inflammatory Lung Diseases to study airway inflammation and oncogenesis.
Dr. Neil Schluger joined the Division as Clinical Chief in 1998. In 2005 Dr. Schluger was appointed as Chief
of the Division and continues his research into the human host response in
tuberculosis infection and disease, and leads studies in emphysema and
pulmonary fibrosis.
Other faculty members include Dr. Charles Powell, who was recruited from Boston University and has initiated a program
of investigation in lung cancer, focused on using molecular techniques to
study the development and progression of malignant lesions. Dr. Steven
Greenberg, a graduate of Columbia's
Pulmonary Fellowship program, who developed the first molecular characterization
of phagocytosis, and conducts ongoing studies of the biology of inflammatory
macrophages and pulmonary fibrosis. Dr. Byron Thomashow developed and serves
as the Medical Director of the Jo-Ann
F. LeBuhn
Center for Chest
Disease and Respiratory Failure. Through this Center, the Division
participates in the NIH-sponsored National Emphysema Therapy Trial, the
NIH-sponsored study of lung volume reduction surgery as a treatment for
emphysema. Dr. Raphael Clynes was
recruited from the Rockefeller
University and studies
the role of Fc receptors in inflammation. Dr. Robert
Basner was recruited in 1999 from the University of Illinois
as Director of Sleep Medicine and Research. In 2001, Dr. Selim Arcasoy joined
the Division from the University
of Pennsylvania to serve
as Medical Director of the Lung Transplant Program. A program of basic and
clinical research in asthma is centered on the newly created John Edsall – John Wood
Asthma Center.
Dr. Rachel L. Miller studies mechanisms of allergen sensitization in asthma,
and Dr. Emily DiMango conducts a number of clinical trials of new therapeutic
agents. Dr. Steven Kawut joined
the Division in 2001 and studies pulmonary hypertension. In 2003 Dr. Phillip Factor was recruited to the division from Northwestern University as Director of the Medical
Intensive Care Unit.
The Division is currently configured to integrate patient care, teaching of
medical students, residents, and fellows, and basic and clinical research
into a cohesive whole dedicated to progress in all areas of pulmonary
medicine, allergic diseases, and critical illness.
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History of
Columbia-Presbyterian Medical
Center
Columbia University and the College of Physicians
and Surgeons
 Columbia University began
as King’s College, which was founded in 1754 by royal grant of King George
II. After closing during the American
Revolution, the school reopened in 1784 as Columbia
College, which was later renamed Columbia University
in the City of New York
in 1912. The original King’s College
organized a medical faculty in 1767 and was the first institution in the
North American Colonies to confer the degree of Doctor of Medicine. In 1814 the medical faculty of Columbia College
merged with the College
of Physicians and
Surgeons, which had obtained an independent charter in 1807. The College
of Physicians and Surgeons became
the Medical Department of Columbia College in 1860, and from that time on the
diplomas of the graduates were signed by both the President of Columbia
College and the President of the College
of Physicians and
Surgeons. The connection was only
nominal, however, until 1891 when the College was incorporated as an integral
part of the University.
Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center
 In 1928
Columbia University
affiliated with The Presbyterian Hospital in the City of New York to create the first modern medical
teaching center in the world. Located
in the heart of Washington Heights in upper Manhattan, the Columbia-Presbyterian
Medical Center (CPMC) has established an outstanding record of innovative
leadership in patient care, medical education, and research. An impressive number of medical advances
have been pioneered at the medical center throughout the twentieth century in
a wide variety of disciplines, including the first use of oxygen tents in the
1920’s, radioactive isotopes to treat thyroid cancer in the 1940’s, the Apgar
score in the 1950’s, the first electro-physiology lab in the 1960’s, the
development of the intraaortic balloon pump for cardiovascular surgery in the
1970’s, the mapping of T cell CD4 antigen through the use of x-ray
crystallography in the early 1990’s, and more recent discoveries including
the role of Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) in the development of Kaposi’s
Sarcoma. These advances help to
underscore the exciting clinical and basic research history and current
research activity of the Medical
Center.
Clinical Activity of the Medical Service is centered at the Campus of
New York Presbyterian. With a combined
2,369 beds and services representing every medical and surgical specialty, New York Presbyterian Hospital
offers unique resources for patient care.
At the same time clinicians from every specialty and subspecialty
interact on a wide variety of clinical and investigational activities,
ensuring an educational and scholarly milieu for training at every level of
professional development. Other
facilities designed to further promote ongoing clinical and research activity
include the Irving Center for Clinical Research, the Herbert Irving
Comprehensive Cancer
Center, the Kreitchman
PET Center,
the Naomi Berrie
Diabetes Center,
and the Russ Berrie Medical Science Pavilion located in the Biomedical
Science and Technology
Park.
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