Research in this division focuses on antecedents and consequences of substance use and abuse, with particular emphasis on the development and testing of novel approaches to the treatment of substance abuse. Two NIDA medication Development Centers support the treatment research that has yielded a laboratory model of heroin abuse for evaluating new medications for opiate adduction. The division, among other things, is engaged in functional brain imaging research that is mapping neuroreceptors (particularly of serotonin and dopamine) in response to cocaine administration.