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Numerous studies show that proper hand hygiene reduces the spread of bacteria in various healthcare settings.

In the News  |  Columbia University  |  Organizations  |  Conferences  |  Research Resources  |

LINKS to RELEVANT ARTICLES

Review/Discussion (Updated 8/7/08) |  Research: Epidemiologic/Descriptive 
Research: Intervention (Updated 8/7/08) | CIRAR-Related  |


Review/Discussion

NEW!  Sipahi OR.  Economics of antibiotic resistance.  Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2008;6(4):523-39.

AVAILABLE FOR CME CREDIT!  Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An Evolving Clinical Challenge.  Clinical Infectious Disease 2008;46(Suppl 5): S339-S398.  View the CME Information and the CME Questions.

Hirsch MS, Gunthard HF, Schapiro JM, Brun-Vezinet F, Clotet B, Hammer SM, Johnson VA, Kuritzkes DR, Mellors JW, Pillay D, Yeni PG, Jacobsen DM, Richman DD.  Antiretroviral drug resistance testing in adult HIV-1 infection: 2008 recommendations of an International AIDS Society - USA Panel.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;47:266-285.

Clements A, Halton K, Graves N, Pettitt A, Morton A, Looke D, Whitby M.  Overcrowding and understaffing in modern health-care systems: key determinants in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission.  Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8:427-34.

Santos RP, Mayo TW, Siegel JD.  Healthcare Epidemiology: Active Surveillance Cultures and Contact Precautions for Control of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: Ethical Considerations.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;47:110-116.

Davies J.  Resistance redux. Infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance and the future of mankind.  EMBO reports 2008; 9(S1):S18-S21.

John JF, Harvin AM.  History and evolution of antibiotic resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci: Susceptibility profiles of new anti-staphylococcal agents.  Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2007;3(6):1143-52.

Lewis K.  Multidrug tolerance of biofilms and persister cells.  Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2008;322:107-31.

Anderson GG and O'Toole GA.  Innate and induced resistance mechanisms of bacterial biofilms.  Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2008;322:85-105.

Tong  SYC, McDonald MI, Holt DC, Currie BJ.  Global Implications of the Emergence of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Indigenous Populations.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008; 46(12):1871-1878.

Karchmer AW and Bayer AS.  Introduction: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An Evolving Clinical Challenge.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46(S5):S342-3.

Boucher HW and Corey GR.  Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46(S5):S344-9.

Gordon RJ and Lowy FD.  Pathogenesis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46(S5):S350-9.

Sakoulas G and Moellering RC Jr.  Increasing Antibiotic Resistance among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46(S5):S360-7.

Stryjewski ME and Chambers HF.  Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections Caused by Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46(S5):S368-77.

Rubinstein E, Kollef MH, and Nathwani D.  Pneumonia Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46(S5):S378-85.

Cosgrove SE and Fowler VG Jr.  Management of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.   Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46(S5):S386-93.

Chastre J.  Evolving problems with resistant pathogens.  Clin Microbiol Infect 2008;14(Suppl 3):3-14.

Maragakis LL, Perl TM.  Acinetobacter baumannii: epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment options.  Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1254-63

Siegel RE.  Emerging gram-negative antibiotic resistance: daunting challenges, declining sensitivities, and dire consequencesRespir Care 2008; 53(4):471-9. 

Rice LB.  Federal Funding for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance in Nosocomial Pathogens: No ESKAPE.  The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008; 197(8): 1079-1081.

Friedman CR and Whitney CG.  It's Time for a Change in Practice: Reducing Antibiotic Use Can Alter Antibiotic Resistance.  The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008; 197(8): 1082-1083.

Peters NK, Dixon DM, Holland SM, and Fauci AS.  The Research Agenda of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for Antimicrobial Resistance.  The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008; 197(8): 1087-1093.

Boyce JM. Community-associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of health care-associated infection.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46:795-798.

Uckay I, Sax H, Harbarth S, Bernard L, Pittet D.  Multi-resistant infections in repatriated patients after natural disasters: lessons learned from the 2004 tsunami for hospital infection control.  Journal of Hospital Infection 2008;68:1-8.

Griffin FA.  5 Million Lives Campaign.  Reducing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.  Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 2007;33:726-31.

Waller S, Jim Beattie T.  Does antimicrobial prophylaxis affect recurrent urinary tract infections and bacterial resistance in children?  Nature Clinical Practice Urology 2008 Feb 19 [Epub ahead of print].

Bellissimo-Rodrigues F.  Antimicrobial drug use and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.  Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Jan;14(1):187-8.

Sievert DM, Rudrik JT, Patel JB, McDonald LC, Wilkins MJ, Hageman JC.  Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, 2002-2006.  Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Mar 1;46(5):668-74.

Okeke IN, Aboderin OA, Byarugaba DK, Ojo KK, Opintan JA.  Growing problem of multidrug-resistant enteric pathogens in Africa.  Emerging Infectious Diseases 2007;13(11):1640-6.

Gorwitz RJ. A review of community-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2008;27:1-7.

Kanafani ZA, Perfect JR.  Resistance to antifungal agents: Mechanisms and clinical impact.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46:120-128.

Gorwitz RJ.  A review of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008;27:1-7.

Spellberg B, Guidos R, Gilbert D, Bradley J, Boucher HW, Scheld WM, Bartlett JG, Edwards Jr. J.  The epidemic of antibiotic-resistant infections: A call to action for the medical community from the Infectious Diseases Society of America.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46:155-164.

Bush-Knapp ME, Brinsley-Rainisch KJ, Lawton-Ciccarone RM, Sinkowitz-Cochran RL, Dressler DD, Budnitz T, Williams MV.  Spreading the word, not the infection: Reaching hospitalists about the prevention of antimicrobial resistance.  Am J Infect Control 2007;35:656-661.

Klein E, Smith DL, Laxminarayan R. Hospitalizations and deaths caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United States, 1999–2005. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Dec.

Moellering RC, Jr., Graybill JR, McGowan JE, Jr., Corey L. Supplement: Antimicrobial resistance prevention initiative--an update: Proceedings of an expert panel on resistance. American Journal of Infection Control 2007;35:21A-S26.

Gross PA, Patel B.  Reducing antibiotic overuse: a call for a national performance measure for not treating asymptomatic bacteriuria.  Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 15;45(10):1335-7.

Humphreys H.  Understanding why methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus control measures are successful in different countries.  Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28:1418-1419.

DANMAP. Use of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, foods and humans in Denmark. 2006. Danish Veterinary and Food Administration; Danish Medicines Agency; National Veterinary Institute and National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark. 

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Surveillance for vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. 2007 Alert # 31.

Foley SL, Lynne AM. Food animal-associated Salmonella challenges: Pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance. J Anim Sci. 2007 Sep 18; [Epub ahead of print].

Verma C, Seebah S, Low SM, Zhou L, Liu SP, Li, J, Beuerman RW. Defensins: Antimicrobial peptides for therapeutic development. Biotechnol J. 2007 Sep 20; [Epub ahead of print].

Shardell M, Harris AD, El-Kamary SS, Furuno JP, Miller RR, Perencevich EN. Statistical analysis and application of quasi experiments to antimicrobial resistance intervention studies. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Oct 1; 45(7): 901-907.

Neofytos D, Kuhn B, Shen S, Zhu XH, Jungkind D, Flomenberg P. Emergence of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Oct; 28(10): 1206-1209.

Conterno LO, Shymanski J, Ramotar K, Toye B, van Walraven C, Coyle D, Roth R. Real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Impact on nosocomial transmission and costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Oct; 28(10):1134-1141.

Clemmitt M. Fighting Superbugs. The CQ Researcher. 2007 Aug 24; 17: 673-696.  (Reprinted with permission from CQ Press. View other articles in this publication at: CQ Researcher.) 

Ghanem G, Hachem R, Jian Y, Chemaly RF, Raad I. Outcomes for and risk factors associated with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacterium in cancer patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Sept; 28(9): 1054-1059.

Hoste EAJ, Vandijck DM, Vanholder RC, De Waele JJ, Lameire NH, Claus S, et al. Health implications of antimicrobial resistance for patients with acute kidney injury and bloodstream infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Sept; 28(9): 1107-1110.

Plantenga MS, Strausbaugh LJ, Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network. Use of decolonization to prevent staphylococcal infections in various healthcare settings: Results of an Emerging Infections Network survey. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Sept; 28(9): 1111-1113.

Kader AA, Kumar A, Kamath KA. Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients and asymptomatic healthy individuals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Sept; 28(9): 1114-1116.

Wenzel RP, Bearman G, Edmond MB. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): New issues for infection control. Intern J Antim Agents. 2007 Sept; 30(3): 210-212.

Perlin DS. Resistance to echinocandin-class antifungal drugs. Drug Resis Updates. 2007; 10: 121-130.

September 1st Supplement of Clinical Infectious Diseases is devoted to antimicrobial resistance.

September 15th Supplement of Clinical Infectious Diseases is devoted to antimicrobial resistance.

Li J, Nation RL, Owen RJ, Wong S, Spelman D, Franklin C. Antibiograms of multidrug-resistant clinical Acinetobacter baumannii: Promising therapeutic options for treatment of infection and colistin-resistant strains. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Sept 1; 45(5): 594-598.

Boucher HW & Sakoulas G. Perspectives on daptomycin resistance, with emphasis on resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Sept 1; 45(5): 601-608.

Elixhauser A & Steiner C. Infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in U.S. hospitals, 1993-2005. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2007 Jul; Statistical Brief #35.

Moellering RC Jr, Graybill JR, McGowan JE Jr, Corey L. Antimicrobial resistance prevention initiative--an update: Proceedings of an expert panel on resistance. Am J Med. 2007 Jul; 120(7): S4-25.

Hotz RL. Evolution at work: Watching bacteria grow drug resistant. Science Journal of the The Wall Street Journal. 2007 June 8; B1.

Deresinski S. Vancomycin: Does it still have a role as an antistaphylococcal agent? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007 Jun; 5(3):393-401.

Gillespie EE, Boer FJ, Stuart RL, Buist MD, Wilson JM. A sustained reduction in the transmission of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit. Crit Care Resusc. 2007 Jun; 9(2):161-5.

Zhanel GG, Wiebe R, Dilay L, Thomson K, Rubinstein E, Hoban DJ, Noreddin AM, Karlowsky JA. Comparative review of the carbapenems.  Drugs. 2007; 67(7):1027-52.

Goldstein FW. Combating resistance in a challenging, changing environment. Clin Mircoiol Infect. 2007 Jun; 13 Suppl 2:2-6.

Rossolini GM. Redesigning beta-lactams to combat resistance: Summary and conclusions. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2001 Jun; 13 Suppl 2:30-3.

Handsfield HH. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in sex partners: What is a sexually transmitted disease? (Letter to the editor.) Clin Infect Dis. 2007 June 15; 44(12): 1664.

Cook HA, Furuya EY, Larson E, Vasquez G, Lowy FD. Reply to Handsfield. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 June 15; 44(12): 1664.

Mohr JF, Murray BE. Point: Vancomycin is not obsolete for treatment of infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 June 15; 44(12): 1536-42.

Deresinkski S. Counterpoint: Vancomycin and Staphylococcus aureus - an antibiotic enters obsolescence. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 June 15; 44(12): 1543-8.

Haar CH, Cobelens FGJ, Kalisvaart NA, van der Have JJ, van Gerven PJHJ, van Soolingen D. Tuberculosis drug resistance and HIV infection, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 May. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/5/776.htm.

Poirel L, Villa L, Bertini A, Pitout JD, Nordmann P, Carattoli A. Expanded-spectrum β-lactamase and plasmid-mediated quinolone Resistance. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 May. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/5/803.htm.

Mwangi MM, Shang WW, Zhou Y, Sieradzki K, de Lencastre H, Richardson P, Bruce D, Rubin E, Myers E, Siggia ED, Tomasz A. Tracking the in vivo evolution of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by whole-genome sequencing. Proceed Nat Acad Sci. 2007 May; 104(22):9451-9456.

Cookson B. Hypervirulent strains of Clostridium difficile. Postgrad Med J. 2007 May; 83(979):291-5. 

Arias DC. Tuberculosis rates level off, but drug resistance a concern: More research, funding called for. The Nation's Health (Medscape). 2007; 37(4).

Wright GD, Sutherland AD. New strategies for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. Trends Mol Med. 2007 May 8; [epub ahead of print].

Delgado M, Neto I, Correia JHD, Pomba Constanca. Antimicrobial resistance and evaluation of susceptibility testing among pathogenic enterococci isolated from dogs and cats. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007 May 15 [epub ahead of print].

Kawasaki K, China K, Nishijima M. Release of lipopolysaccharide deacylase PagL from latency compensates from lack of lipopolysaccharide aminoarabinose modification-dependent resistance in antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B in Salmonella enterica. J Bacteriol. 2007 May 4; [Epub ahead of print].

Bubacz MR. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An ever-emerging epidemic. AAOHN J. 2007 May; 55(5):193-4.

Veerman EC, Valentijn-Benz M, Nazmi K, Ruissen AL, Walgreen-Weterings E, van Marle J, Doust AB, van T Hof W, Bolscher JG, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Energy depletion protects Candida albicans against antimicrobial peptides by rigidifying its cell membrane. J Biol Chem. 2007 May 7 [Epub ahead of print].

Hsu YM, Shieh HK, Chen WH, Sun TY, Shiang JH. Antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid profiles, and haemocin activities of Avibacterium paragallinarum strains. Vet Microbiol. 2007 Apr 19; [Epub ahead of print].

Toleman MA, Bennett PM, Bennett DMC, Ronald N. Jones RN, Walsh TR. Global emergence of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia mediated by acquisition of sul genes. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Apr. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/4/559.htm.

Saye DE. Recurring and antimicrobial-resistant infections: Considering the potential role of biofilms in clinical practice. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2007 Apr; 53(4):46-62.

Tristan A, Bes M, Meugnier H, Lina G, Bozdogan B, Courvalin P, et al. Global distribution of Panton-Valentine leukocidin–positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Apr. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/4/594.htm.

Falagas ME, Bliziotis IA, Michalopoulos A, Sermaides G, Papaioannou VE, Nikita D, Choulis N. Effect of a policy for restriction of selected classes of antibiotics on antimicrobial drug cost and resistance. J Chemother 2007 Apr; 19(2): 178-84.

Diekema DJ, Edmond MB. Look before you leap: Active surveillance for multidrug-resistant organisms. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Apr 15; 44(8): 1101-7. 

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Incentives essential to ease antibiotic resistance crisis. 2007 Mar. 

Gorwitz RJ. Editorial Commentary: The role of ancillary antimicrobial therapy for treatment of uncomplicated skin infections in the era of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 15; 44:785-787.

Letter to the Editor. The FDA and the evidence on an antibiotic. The Washington Post. 11 Mar 2007. 

Editorial. Resistant bugs. The Washington Post. 11 Mar 2007.

Falagas ME, Bliziotis IA, Fragoulis KN. Oral rifampin for eradication of Staphylococcus aureus carriage from healthy and sick populations: A systematic review of the evidence from comparative trials. Am J Infect Control. 2007 Mar; 35(2) 106-14.

Weber SG, Huang SS, Oriola S, Huskins WC, Noskin GA, Harriman K, et al. Legislative mandates for use of active surveillance cultures to screen for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Position statement from the Joint SHEA and APIC Task Force. Am J Infect Control. 2007 Mar; 35(2) 73-85.

Zell BL, Goldmann DA. Healthcare-associated infection and antimicrobial resistance: Moving beyond description to prevention. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Mar; 28(3): 261-4.

Rhoten, D. Interdisciplinary research: Trend or transition. The Social Science Research Council.  

Weiss, R. FDA rules override warnings about drug: Cattle antibiotic moves forward despite fears of human risk.  The Washington Post. 4 Mar 2007.

Mejicano GC, Wright M. Web resources for antimicrobial resistance. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 15; 44:886-887.

Kim S, Hu J, Gautom R, Kim J, Lee B, Boyle DS. CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase, Washington State. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Mar. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/3/513.htm

Drudy D, Kyne L, O'Mahony, R, Fanning S. gyrA mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant Clostridium difficile PCR-027. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Mar. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/3/504.htm

Kulwichit W, Chatsuwan T, Unhasuta C, Pulsrikarn C, Bangtrakulnonth A, Chongthaleong A. Drug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteremia, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Mar. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/3/501.htm

Reeves D. The 2005 Garrod Lecture: The changing access of patients to antibiotics - for better or worse? J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Feb 8; [Epub ahead of print].

Tega L, Raieta K, Ottaviani D, Russo GL, Blanco G, Carraturo A. Catheter-related bacteremia and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter lwoffii [letter]. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Feb. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/2/355.htm.

Bizzarro MJ, Gallagher PG. Antibiotic-resistant organisms in the neonatal intensive care unit. Semin Perinatol. 2007 Feb; 31:26-32. 

Falagas ME, Karveli EA. The changing global epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii infections: A development with major public health implications. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007 Feb;13(2):117-9.

Johnson, AP. Drug Evaluation: OPT-80, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.  Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Feb; 8(2):168-73.

Su Z, Honek JF. Emerging bacterial enzyme targets. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Feb; 8(2): 140-9.

Witte W, Strommenger B, Stanek C, Cuny C. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in humans and animals, central Europe.  Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. Feb 2007. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/2/255.htm.

Vila J, Marti S, Sanchez-Cespedes J. Porins, efflux pumps and multidrug resistance in Acinobacter baumannii.  J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Feb 26; [Epub ahead of print].

Klugman KP. Clinical impact of antibiotic resistance in respiratory tract infections. Intern Jr Antimicr Agents. 2007; 29 (Suppl): S6-S10. 

Talbot TR.  Two Studies Feed the Debate on Active Surveillance for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Carriage: To Screen or Not to Screen?.  Journal of Infectious Diseases 2007;195:314-317.

Benton C. Hand hygiene - meeting the JCAHO safety goal: Can compliance with CDC hand hygiene guidelines be improved by a surveillance and educational program? Plast Surg Nurs. 2007 Jan-Mar; 27(1):40-4.

Ocana V, Silva C, Nader-Macias ME. Antibiotic susceptibility of potentially probiotic vaginal lactobacilli. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Sep; 14(3): 181-82.

Pletz MWR, Fugit RV, McGee L, Glasheen JJ, Keller DL, Welte T, Klugman KP.  Fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae [letter].  Emerg Infect Dis [serial online]. 2006 Sep.
Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no09/05-1400.htm  | Download the reprint of this article

Grundmann H, Aires-de-Sousa M, Boyce J, Tiemersma E.  Emergence and resurgence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a public-health threat.  Lancet 2006;368:874-885.

Heuer OE, Hammerum AM, Collignon P, Wegener HC.  Human health hazard from antimicrobial-resistant enterococci in animals and food.  Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:911-916.

Gkrania-Klotsas E, Hershow RC.  Colonization or infection with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii may be an independent risk factor for increased mortality.  Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:1224.

October 2006 issue of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology devoted to MRSA.

Weber DJ, Rutala WA.  Use of germicides in the home and the healthcare setting: is there a relationship between germicide use and antibiotic resistance?  Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006;27:1107-1119.

Yagupsky P.  Selection of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in the community.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:974-976.

Heuer OE, Hammerum AM, Collignon P, Wegener HC.  Human health hazard from antimicrobial-resistant enterococci in animals and food.  Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:911-916.

Falagas M.E. and Kopterides P.  Risk factors for the isolation of multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a systematic review of the literature Journal of Hospital Infection, Volume 64, Issue 1, September 2006, Pages 7-15.

Henderson DK. Managing methicillin-resistant staphylococci: A paradigm for preventing nosocomial transmission of resistant organisms American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 34, Issue 5, Supplement 1, June 2006, Pages S46-S54.

Grundmann H, Aires-de-Sousa M, Boyce J, Tiemersma E. Emergence and resurgence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a public-health threat.  The Lancet, Volume 368, Issue 9538, 2 September 2006-8 September 2006, Pages 874-885.

Paterson DL.  Serious infections in the intensive care unit: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.  Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:S41-S42.

Bonomo RA, Szabo D.  Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:S49-S56.

Harris AD, McGregor JC, Furuno JP.  What infection control interventions should be undertaken to control multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria?  Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:S57-S61.

Kollef MH.  Is antibiotic cycling the answer to preventing the emergence of bacterial resistance in the intensive care unit?  Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:S82-S88.

Rice LB.  Challenges in identifying new antimicrobial agents effective for treatment infections with Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:S100-S105.

Harbarth S, Emonet S.  Navigating the World Wide Web in search of resources on antimicrobial resistance.  Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:72-78.

Tenover FC. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 34, Issue 5, Supplement 1, June 2006, Pages S3-S10.

Fishman N.  Antimicrobial stewardship.  Am J Med 2006;119(6 Suppl 1):S53-S61; discussion S62-S70.

Grigoryan L, Haaijer-Ruskamp FM, Burgerhof JGM, et al.  Self-medication with Antimicrobial Drugs in Europe.  Emerg Infect Dis [serial online]. 2006 Mar.
Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol12no03/05-0992.htm  |  Download the reprint of this article

Metlay JP, Powers JH, Dudley MN, Christiansen K, Finch RG; on behalf of the Second Colloquium of the International Forum on Antibiotic Resistance.  Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Regulation and Research.  Emerg Infect Dis [serial online]. 2006 Feb.
Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol12no02/05-0078.htm  |  Download the reprint of this article

Davey P, Brown E, Fenelon L, Finch R, Gould I, Holmes A, et al. Systematic review of antimicrobial drug prescribing in hospitals. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online]. 2006 Feb.
Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol12no02/05-0145.htm  |  Download the reprint of this article

Closing the Quality Gap: A Critical Analysis of Quality Improvement Strategies: Volume 4 - Antibiotic Prescribing Behavior (Publication No. 04(06)-0051-4), January 2006.

Alanis AJ.  (2005).  Resistance to Antibiotics: Are We in the Post-Antibiotic Era?  Archives of Medical Research 36:697-705. 

Larson EL, Saiman L, Haas J, Neumann A, Lowy FD, Fatato B, Bakken S, and members of the Executive Committee and Expert Liaisons.  (2005).  Perspectives on antimicrobial resistance: Establishing an interdisciplinary research approach.  American Journal of Infection Control 33:410-418.

Courvalin P.  (2005).  Antimicrobial Drug Resistance: "Prediction is Very Difficult, Especially about the Future." Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet].

Gaynes R, Edwards JR, and the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System.  (2005).  Overview of Nosocomial Infections Caused by Gram-Negative Bacilli.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 41:848-854.

Gaynes R, Edwards JR, and the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System.  (2005).  Overview of Nosocomial Infections Caused by Gram-Negative Bacilli.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 41:848-854.   PS  |  HTML  |  PDF (155.8k)

Weber JT, Courvalin P. An emptying quiver: antimicrobial drugs and resistance. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online]. 2005 Jun.
Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no06/05-0471.htm  |  Download the reprint of this article

Harbarth S, Samore MA. Antimicrobial resistance determinants and future control. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online]. 2005 Jun.
Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no06/05-0167.htm  |  Download the reprint of this article

Cummings KC, Rosenberg J, Vugia DJ. Beliefs about appropriate antibacterial therapy, California. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online]. 2005 Jul.
Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol11no07/05-0112.htm  |  Download the reprint of this article

McCarthy J.  (2004).  Tackling the Challenges of Interdisciplinary Bioscience.  Molecular Cell Biology 5:933-937.

Levy S.  Antibacterial household products: cause for concern. Presentation from the 2000 Emerging Infectious Diseases Conference in Atlanta, GA.
Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol7no3_supp/levy.htm

Hawley LA, Fridkin SK, Whitney CG. Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus surveillance. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 2003 Oct.
Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no10/03-0454.htm  |  Download the reprint of this article

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Research: Epidemiologic/Descriptive

NEW!  Datta R, Huang SS.  Risk of Infection and Death due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Long-Term Carriers.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;47(2):176-181.

Laupland KB, Ross T, Gregson DB.  Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: Risk Factors, Outcomes, and the Influence of Methicillin Resistance in Calgary, Canada, 2000-2006.  J Infect Dis 2008 Jun 3; [Epub ahead of print]

Al-Harthi AA, Al-Fifi SH.  Antibiotic resistance pattern and empirical therapy for urinary tract infections in childrenSaudi Med J. 2008;29(6):854-8.

Franke MF, Appleton SC, Bayona J, et al.  Risk Factors and Mortality Associated with Default from Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008; 46(12): 1844-1851.

Dagan R, Barkai G, Givon-Lavi N, Sharf AZ, Vardy D, Cohen T, Lipsitch M, and Greenberg D.  Seasonality of Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae That Causes Acute Otitis Media: A Clue for an Antibiotic-Restriction Policy?  The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008; 197(8): 1094-1102.

Centers for Disease Control and Infection.  International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2008:  Slide Sessions and Poster AbstractsEmerging Infectious Diseases 2008.  

Popovich KJ, Weinstein RA, Hota B.  Are community-associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains replacing traditional nosocomial MRSA strains?  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46:787-794.

Wang JL, Chen SY, Wang JT, Wu GHM, Chiang WC, et al.  Comparison of Both Clinical Features and Mortality Risk Associated with Bacteremia due to Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46:799-806.

Sievert, DM, Rudrik, JT, Patel, JB, McDonald, LC, Wilkins, MJ, Hageman, JC.  Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, 2002–2006Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46:668–674.

Zhanel GG, Decroby M, Laing N, Weshnoweski B, Vashisht R, Tailor F, Nichol KA, Wierzbowski A, Baudry PJ, Karlowsky JA, Lagace-Wiens P, Walkty A, McCracken M, Mulvey MR, Johnson J, The Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA), Hoban DJ.  Antimicrobial resistant pathogens in intensive care units in Canada: Results of the Canadian National Intensive Care Unit (CAN-ICU) Study, 2005/2006.  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2008 Feb 19 [Epub ahead of print].

Libert M, Elkholti M, Massaut J, Karmali R, Mascart G, Cherifi S.  Risk factors for meticillin resistance and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection in a Belgian university hospital.  Journal of Hospital Infection 2008;68:17-24.

Stone ND, Lewis DR, Lowery HK, Darrow LA, Kroll CM, Gaynes RP, Jernigan JA, McGowan JE Jr., Tenover FC, and Richards CL Jr.  Importance of bacterial burden among Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriers in a long-term care facility. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology February 2008;29(2):143-148.

Hayden MK, Blom DW, Lyle EA, Moore CG, Weinstein, RA.  Risk of hand or glove contamination after contact with patients colonized with Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus or the colonized patients’ environmentInfection Control and Hospital Epidemiology February 2008;29(2):149-154.

Tolomeo P, Wheeler M, Metlay JP, Armstrong K, Fishman NO, Bilker WB, Lautenbach E.  Patient attitudes regarding participation in studies of antimicrobial resistance.  Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology February 2008;29(2):155-159.

Soriano A, Marco F, Martinez JA, Pisos E, Almela M, Dimova VP, Alamo D, Ortega M, Lopez J, Mensa J.  Influence of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration on the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008;46:193-200.

Scott E, Vanick K.  A survey of hand hygiene practices on a residential college campus.  Am J Infect Control 2007;35;694-696.

Tousman S, Arnold D, Helland W, Roth R, Heshelman N, Castaneda O, Fischer E, O'Neil K, Bileto S.  Evaluation of a hand washing program for 2nd-graders.  J Sch Nurs 2007;23:342-348.

Jarvis WR, Schlosser J, Chinn RY, Tweeten S, Jackson M.  National prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in inpatients at US health care facilities, 2006.  Am J Infect Control 2007;35;631-637.

Gasink LB, Zaoutis TE, Bilker WB, Lautenbach E.  The categorization of prior antibiotic use: Impact on the identification of risk  factors for drug resistance in case control studies.  Am J Infect Control 2007;35:638-642.

Bennett NJ, Bull AL, Dunt DR, Gurrin LC, Spelman DW, Russo PL, Richards MJ.  MRSA infections in smaller hospitals, Victoria, Australia.  Am J Infect Control 2007;35:697699.

Pillay M, Sturm AW.  Evolution of the Extensively Drug-Resistant F15/LAM4/KZN Strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2007;45:1409–1414.

Iseman MD.  Extensively DrugResistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Charles Darwin Would Understand.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2007;45:1415–1416.

Coenen S, Ferech M, Haaijer-Ruskamp FM, Butler CC, Vander Stichele RH, Verheij TJ, Monnet DL, Little P, Goossens H; ESAC Project Group.  European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): quality indicators for outpatient antibiotic use in Europe. Qual Saf Health Care 2007;16:440-445.

Ofner-Agostini M, Varia M, Johnston L, Green K, Simor A, Amihod B, Bryce E, Henderson E, Stegenga J, Bergeron F, Gravel D. Infection control and antimicrobial restriction practices for antimicrobial-resistant organisms in Canadian tertiary care hospitals. American Journal of Infection Control 2007;35:563-568.

van Loo, IHM, Diederen BMW, Savelkoul PHM, Woudenberg JHC, Roosendaal R, van Belkum A, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in meat products, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Nov. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/11/1753.htm

Ménard D, Randrianarivo-Solofoniaina AE, Ahmed BS, Jahevitra M, Andriantsoanirina LV, Rasolofomanana JR, et al. Drug-resistant malaria parasites introduced into Madagascar from Comoros Islands. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Nov. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/11/1759.htm

Karon AE, Archer JR, Sotir MJ, Monson TA, Kazmierczak JJ. Human multidrug-resistant Salmonella Newport infections, Wisconsin, 2003–2005. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Nov.  Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/11/1777.htm

Hammerum AM, Heuer OE, Emborg H-D, Bagger-Skjøt L, Jensen V-F, Rogues AM, et al. Danish integrated antimicrobial resistance monitoring and research program. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Nov.  Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/11/1632.htm

Okeke IN, Aboderin OA, Byarugaba DK, Ojo KK, Opintan JA. Growing problem of multidrug-resistant enteric pathogens in Africa. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Nov. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/11/1640.htm

Cohen AL, Shuler C, McAllister S, Fosheim GE, Brown MG, Abercrombie D, et al. Methamphetamine use and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Nov. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/11/1707.htm

Whichard JM, Gay K, Stevenson JE, Joyce KJ, Cooper KL, Omondi M, et al. Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Nov. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/11/1681.htm

Nimmo GR, Pearson JC, Collignon PJ, Christiansen KJ, Coombs GW, Bell JM, McLaws ML; Australian Group for Antimicrobial
Resistance.  Prevalence of MRSA among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital inpatients, 2005: report from the Australian Group for Antimicrobial Resistance. Commun Dis Intell. 2007 Sep;31(3):288-96.

Pogue JM, Paterson DL, Pasculle AM, Potoski BA.  Determination of Risk Factors Associated With Isolation of Linezolid-Resistant Strains of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus.  Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28:1382-1388.

Rogues AM, Cumartin C, Amadeo B, Venier AG, Marty N, Parneix P, Gachie JP.  Relationship Between Rates of Antimicrobial Consumption and the Incidence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates From 47 French Hospitals.  Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28:1389-1395.

Guerra CM, Pereira CAP, Neto ARN, Cardo DM, Correa L.  Physicians' perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge concerning antimicrobial resistance in a Brazilian teaching hospital.  Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28:1411-1414.

Planta MB.  The role of poverty in antimicrobial resistance.  J Am Board Fam Med. 2007 Nov-Dec;20:533-9.

Niyogi SK.  Increasing antimicrobial resistance-an emerging problem in the treatment of shigellosis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007;13:1141-1143.

Projan SJ, Bradford PA.  Late stage antibacterial drugs in the clinical pipeline.  Curr Opin Microbiol 2007 Oct 18; [Epub ahead of print].

Klevens RM, Morrison MA, Nadle J, Petit S, Gershman K, Ray S, et al. Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States. JAMA. 2007 Oct; 298(15):1763-1771.  Accompanying JAMA editorial by Elizabeth Bancroft and NY Times article by Kevin Sack.  

Vickers AA, Chopra I, O'Neill AJ. Intrinsic novobiocin resistance in Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Sep 17; [Epub ahead of print].

Serichantalergs O, Jensen LB, Pitarangsi C, Mason CJ, Dalsgaard A. A possible mechanism of macrolide resistance among multiple resistant Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from Thai children during 1991-2000. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2007 May; 38(3):501-6.

Tellevik MG, Sollid JE, Blomberg B, Jureen R, Urassa WK, Langeland N. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-type SHV-12-producing Enterobacteriaceae causing septicemia in Tanzanian children: Vectors for horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007 Sep 17; [Epub ahead of print].

Peng CF, Lee MF, Fu HT, Chen YJ, Hsu HJ. Characterization of class 1 integrons and antimicrobial resistance in CTX-M-3-producing Serratia marcescens isolates from southern Taiwan. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2007 Sep; 60(5):250-6.

Asai T, Harada K, Ishihara K, Kojima A, Sameshima T, Tamura Y, Takahashi T. Association of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter isolated from food-producing animals with antimicrobial use on farms. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2007 Sep; 60(5):290-4.

Deep, Arora U. Extended spectrum beta lactamase-mediated resistance among isolates of family enterobacteriaceae. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2007 Apr; 50(2):458-61.

Chao G, Zhou X, Jiao X, Qian X, Xu L. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens isolated from food products in China. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2007 Fall; 4(3) 277-84. 

Hald T, Lo Fo Wong DM, Aarestrup FM. The attribution of human infections with antimicrobial resistant infections salmonella bacteria in Denmark to sources of animal origin. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2007 Fall; 4(3): 313-26.

Crivaro V, Bagattini M, Salza MF, Raimondi F, Rossano F, Triassi M, Zarrilli R. Risk factors for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella pneomoniae acquisition in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect. 2007 Sep 18; [Epub ahead of print].

Boyce JM, Havill NL, Otter JA, Adams NMT. Widespread environmental contamination associated with patients with diarrhea and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Oct; 28(10): 1142-1147.

Chen KT, Campbell H, Borrell LN, Huard RC, Saiman LS, Della-Latta P. Predictors and outcomes for pregnant women with vaginal-rectal carriage of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Amer J Perinat. 2007; 24(4): 235-240.

Bischoff WE, Tucker BK, Wallis ML, Reboussin BA, Pfaller MA, Hayden FG, Sherertz RJ. Preventing the airborne spread of Staphylococcus aureus by persons with the common cold: Effect of surgical scrubs, gowns, and masks. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Oct; 28(10): 1148-1154.

Reddy P, Malczynski M, Obias A, Reiner S, Jin N, Huang J, Noskin GA, Zembower T. Screening for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among high-risk patients and rates of subsequent bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Oct 1; 45(7): 846-852.

Lowy FD, Aiello AE, Bhat M, Johnson-Lawrence VD, Lee M, Burrell E, Wright LN, Vasquez G, Larson EL. Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection in New York State prisons. J Infect Dis. 2007 Sept 15; 196(6): 911-918.

Rim JY, Bacon AE. Prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in a random sample of healthy individuals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Sept; 28(9): 1044-1046.

Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ, Kanafani ZA, Auten G, Kay KS. Severe surgical site infection in community hospitals: Epidemiology, key procedures, and the changing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Sept; 28(9): 1047-1053.

Jones JC, Rogers TJ, Brookmeyer P, Dunne WM, Storch GA, Coopersmith CM, et al. Mupirocin resistance in patients colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a surgical intensive care unit. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Sept 1; 45(5): 541-547.

Schneider-Lindner V, Delaney JA, Dial S, Dascal A, Suissa A. Antimicrobial drugs and community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United Kingdom. Emerg Infect Dis. [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Jul. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/7/994.htm

Martineau AR, Newton SM, Wilkinson KA, Kampmann B, Hall BM, Nawroly N, et al. Neutrophil-mediated innate immune resistance to mycobacteria. J Clin Invest. 2007 Jul 2; 117(7):1988-1994.

Chiang WC, Chen SY, Chien KL, Wu GH, Yen AM, Su CP, et al. Predictive model of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteremia at the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2007 Jul; 25(6):597-607.

Tam VH, Louie A, Fritsche TR, Deziel M, Liu W, Brown DL, et al. Impact of drug-exposure intensity and duration of therapy on the emergence of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to a quinolone antimicrobial. J Infect Dis. 2007 June 15; 195(12): 1818-27.

Scott P, Deye G, Srinivasa A, Murray C, Moran K, Hulten E, et al. An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex infection in the US military health care system associated with military operations in Iraq. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 June 15; 44(12): 1577-84.

Knoll B, Tleyjeh IM, Steckelberg JM, Wilson WR, Baddour LM. Infective endocarditis due to penicillin-resistant viridans group streptococci. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 June 15; 44(12): 1585-92.

Riedel S, Beekman SE, Heilmann KP, Richter SS, Garcia-de-Lomas J, Ferech M, et al. Antimicrobial use in Europe and antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pnuemoniae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infec Dis. 2007 Jun 6. [Epub ahead of print]. 

LaRosa LA, Fishman NO, Lautenbach E, Koppel RJ, Morales KH, Linkin DR. Evaluation of antimicrobial therapy orders circumventing an antimicrobial stewardship program: Investigating the strategy of "stealth dosing". Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007; 28:551-556.

Delaney JAC, Dial S, Barkun A, Suissa S. Antimicrobial drugs and community-acquired Clostridium difficile–associated disease, UK. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 May.  Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/5/761.htm

Schmidt C, Loffler B, Ackermann G. Antimicrobial phenotypes and molecular basis in clinical strains of Clostridium difficile. Diagn Microb Infect Dis. 2007 May 15 [epub ahead of print].

Wei HL, Wang YW, Li CC, Tung SK, Chiou CS. Epidemiology and evolution of genotype and antimicrobial resistance of an imported Shigella sonnei clone circulating in central Taiwan. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007 May 15 [epub ahead of print].

Askarian M, Reza Moravveji A, Assadian O. Prescription of prophylactic antibiotics for neurosurgical procedures in teaching hospitals in Iran. Am J Infect Control. 2007 May; 35(4): 260-2.

Boczek LA, Rice EW, Johnston B, Johnson JR. Occurrence of antibiotic resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli colonal group A in wastewater effluents. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 May 4; [Epub ahead of print].

Almeida FS, Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ. Occurrence of enterotoxigenic and nonenterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in calves and evaluation of their antimicrobial susceptibility. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007 May 4; [Epub ahead of print].

Ahmed NA, Petersen FC, Scheie AA. AI-2 quorum sensing affects antibiotic susceptibility in Streptococcus anginosus. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 May 9; [Epub ahead of print].

Landman D, Bratu S, Kochar S, Panwar M, Trehan M, Doymaz M, Quale J. Evolution of antimicrobial resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Brooklyn, NY. J Antimcirob Chemother. 2007 May 9; [Epub ahead of print].

Lee YJ, Kim HJ, Park CK, Kim KS, Bae DH, Kang MS, Cho JK, Kim AR, Kim JW, Kim BH. Characterization of Salmonella spp. isolated from an integrated broiler chicken operation in Korea. J Vet Med Sci. 2007 Apr; 69(4):399-404.

McBryde ES, Pettitt AN, McElwain DL. A stochastic mathematical model of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in an intensive care unit: Predicting the impact of interventions. J Theor Biol. 2007 Apr 7; 245(3):470-81 [Epub 2006 Nov 17].

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Severe methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus community-acquired pneumonia associated with influenza --- Louisiana and Georgia, December 2006-January 2007. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2007 Apr 13; 56(14): 325-329.

Nguyen DM, Bancroft E, Mascola L, Guevara R, Yasuda L. Risk factors for neonatal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a well-infant nursery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Apr; 28(4):406-11.

Dorobat OM, Moisoiu A, Talapan D. Incidence and resistance patterns of pathogens from lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Pneumologia. 2007 Jan-Mar; 56(1): 7-15.

Pearson J, Turnidge J, Franklin C, Bell J, Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in common pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae in Australia, 2004: Report from the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. 2007 Mar; 31(1): 106-12.

MacKenzie FM, Bruce J, Struelens MJ, Goossens H, Mollison J, Gould IM, ARPAC Steering Group. Antimicrobial drug use and infection control practices associated with the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in European hospitals. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007 Mar; 13(3):269-276.

Mohapatra PR. The threat of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 15; 44:888-889.

Ruhe JJ, Smith N, Bradsher RW, Menon A. Community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft-tissue infections: Impact of antimicrobial therapy on outcome. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 15; 44:777-784.

Taur T & Smith MA. Adherence to the Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 15; 44:769-774. 

Mackenzie FM, Bruce J, Struelens MJ, Goossens H, Mollison J, Gould IM. Antimicrobial drug use and infection control practices associated with the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in European hospitals. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007 Mar; 13(3): 269-76.

Shah NS, Wright A, Bai G-H, Barrera L, Boulahbal F, Martín-Casabona N, et al. Worldwide emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Mar. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/3/06-1400.htm

Lesens O, Haus-Cheymol R, Dubrous P, Verret C, Spiegel A, Bonnet R, et al. Methicillin-susceptible, doxycyline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Côte d'Ivoire. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Mar. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/3/488.htm

Graber CJ, Wong MK, Carleton HA, Perdreau-Remington F, Haller BL, Chambers HF. Intermediate vancomycin susceptibility in a community-associated MRSA clone. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Mar. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/3/491.htm

Kleiner DK, Katz SE, Ward PL. Development of in vitro antimicrobial resistance in bacteria exposed to residue level exposures in antimicrobial drugs, pesticides and veterinary drugs. Chemoth. 2007;53:132-136.

Wang J-T, Fang C-T, Chen Y-C, Wu C-L, Chen M-L, Chang S-C. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec in MRSA, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2007 Mar. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/3/494.htm

Polk RE, Fox C, Mahoney A, Letcavage J, MacDougall C. Measurement of adult antibacterial use in 130 US hospitals: Comparison of defined daily dose and days of therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 1; 44:664-670.

Larson EL, Quiros D, Giblin T, Lin S. Relationship of antimicrobial control policies and hospital and infection control characteristics to antimicrobial resistance rates. Amer J Crit Care. 2007 Mar; 16(2):1-11.

O'neill AJ, McLaws F, Kahlmeter G, Henriksen AS, Chopra I. Genetic basis of resistance to fusidic acid in staphylococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Feb 26; [Epub ahead of print].

Brissette CA, Lukehart SA. Mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to beta-defensins by Treponema denticola. Infect Immun. 2007 Feb 26; [Epub ahead of print]. 

Lee SY, Fan HW, Sutherland C, Deryke AC, Nicolau DP. Antibacterial effects of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin simulating epithelial lining fluid concentrations against community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Drugs R D. 2007; 8(2): 69-77. 

Miller LG, Perdreau-Remingon F, Bayer AS, Diep B, Tan N, Bharadwa K, Tsui J, Perlroth J, Shay A, Tagudar G, Ibebuogu U, Spellberg B. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics cannot distinguish community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection from methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infection: A prospective investigation. Clin I